School Chooser

The Sydney Russell School

All-through · ages 4-18MixedAcademy2,568 pupilsSixth form Free breakfast clubDagenhamBarking and Dagenham
School Chooser Score · secondary phase
86
Well above
similar schools
Likely range 83 to 90
Out of 100. Better than 96% of the 50 schools most like it. Much the same over the last five years.
Primary phase: 88, well above similar schools
OfstedStrong teachingOfsted report card, May 2026
Strong pass in English and maths53%England 46%
Attendance94.6%England 91.4%
Pupils from low-income families27%About the same as most schools in England
Places102 spare2,568 pupils, 2,670 places
Pupils per teacher16.6School workforce census

The Sydney Russell School is a converter academy in Dagenham for boys and girls aged 4 to 18. It has 2,568 pupils and room for 2,670. About 27 in every 100 pupils come from a low-income family, about the same as most schools in England. We give it 86 out of 100. That puts it well above schools like it, ahead of 96% of the 50 schools most like it. Ofsted visited in May 2026 and gave it a report card, which is below.

Parsloes Avenue, Dagenham, RM9 5QT020 3959 9900sydneyrussellschool.comMrs Clare Cross headteacherAll details

What Ofsted found

Ofsted visited on 12 May 2026. Instead of one overall word, it now gives a grade for each part of school life. Read the full report on Ofsted's website.

TeachingOfsted calls this “curriculum and teaching”
Strong
Achievement
Strong
Behaviour and attendanceOfsted calls this “attendance and behaviour”
Strong
Support for every childOfsted calls this “inclusion”
Strong
WellbeingOfsted calls this “personal development and wellbeing”
Exceptional
LeadershipOfsted calls this “leadership and governance”
Strong
Early years
Strong
Sixth formOfsted calls this “post-16”
As expected
SafeguardingAre pupils kept safe?
Pupils are kept safe
Met
Ofsted's scale:ExceptionalStrong standardExpected standardNeeds attentionUrgent improvement

Ofsted says these new grades can't be lined up against the old one-word grades.

Earlier inspections (1)
DateTypeOutcome
15 September 2021S5 InspectionGood

Results

GCSE results, summer 2025

341 pupils sat their GCSEs. Here is how they did against every state secondary in England.

Average GCSE score51.2
England 46.8
Official name: Attainment 8
Strong pass in English and maths53%
England 46%
Official name: Grade 5+ in English and maths
Standard pass in English and maths69%
England 66%
Official name: Grade 4+ in English and maths
Progress from age 11+0.72In each subject, pupils here finished most of a grade ahead of children across England who started secondary school at the same level. (From 2023/24, the latest year there is. The government didn't work it out for the 2025 year group.)Official name: Progress 8
Trend
Average GCSE score
2018 to 2025
2018: 47.347.320182019: 50.150.120192022: 52.852.820222023: 51.551.520232024: 53.453.420242025: 51.251.22025
Since 2018: +3.9Steady overall
All GCSE measures, year by year
Measure202520242023202220192018Barking and DagenhamEngland
Pupils at the end of Year 11341336338323315315
Average GCSE scoreAttainment 851.253.451.552.850.147.348.146.8
Progress from age 11Progress 8+0.72+0.38+0.26+0.38+0.17
Strong pass in English and mathsGrade 5+ in English and maths53%58%55%60%49%41%46%46%
Standard pass in English and mathsGrade 4+ in English and maths69%77%73%78%65%61%67%66%
Core subjects scoreEBacc average point score4.795.004.834.924.444.234.174.15
Taking the core subjectsEBacc entry72%74%79%73%67%73%42%41%
Average GCSE score: low-income pupilsAttainment 8, disadvantaged44.346.546.844.445.541.1
Average GCSE score: other pupilsAttainment 8, non-disadvantaged53.956.753.256.953.351.0
Average GCSE score: pupils who started behindAttainment 8, low prior attainers34.331.431.125.529.4
Average GCSE score: pupils who started aheadAttainment 8, high prior attainers70.871.973.564.161.2

Subjects

Results came out for 22 GCSE subjects in 2025. Each figure is the share of pupils who got a grade 5 or better, next to the average for state secondaries in England.

Strongest subjects

Drama95%grades 9 to 5, England 60% · 62nd of 844 schools
Physical Education78%grades 9 to 5, England 56% · 285th of 1,559 schools
Chemistry100%grades 9 to 5, England 81% · 127th of 2,537 schools
Business69%grades 9 to 5, England 51% · 299th of 1,806 schools

Subjects that did worse than the England average: Food Preparation & Nutrition (3% here, 52% across England), Art and Design (41% here, 58% across England), Design & Technology (37% here, 50% across England).

What is taught hereOffers triple science, 2 languages, computer science, music.

The small number is how many pupils sat each subject. Subjects with fewer than six pupils aren't published.

Every subject against England, 2025
English Language336 entries · 3rd of 13 in Barking and Dagenham
62%England 54%
English Literature335 entries · 6th of 13 in Barking and Dagenham
66%England 58%
Mathematics335 entries · 5th of 13 in Barking and Dagenham
56%England 53%
Combined Science283 entries · 3rd of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
49%England 36%
Geography199 entries · 3rd of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
67%England 51%
Spanish187 entries · 3rd of 7 in Barking and Dagenham
53%England 54%
Computer Science99 entries · 7th of 11 in Barking and Dagenham
71%England 56%
Economics86 entries · 1st of 2 in Barking and Dagenham
78%England 70%
Business85 entries · 2nd of 9 in Barking and Dagenham
69%England 51%
Art and Design85 entries · 11th of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
41%England 58%
History83 entries · 2nd of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
69%England 52%
Social Studies78 entries · 1st of 10 in Barking and Dagenham
71%England 54%
French61 entries · 8th of 8 in Barking and Dagenham
56%England 60%
Design & Technology57 entries · 6th of 6 in Barking and Dagenham
37%England 50%
Chemistry52 entries · 2nd of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
100%England 81%
Physics52 entries · 2nd of 12 in Barking and Dagenham
100%England 82%
Biology52 entries · 3rd of 13 in Barking and Dagenham
98%England 82%
Food Preparation & Nutrition39 entries · 3rd of 3 in Barking and Dagenham
3%England 52%
Physical Education37 entries · 2nd of 8 in Barking and Dagenham
78%England 56%
Drama20 entries · 1st of 6 in Barking and Dagenham
95%England 60%
Music11 entries
100%England 61%
SubjectEntriesGrades 9 to 7Grades 9 to 5Grades 9 to 4England 9 to 5Rank in England
English Language33623%62%76%54%831 of 3,210
English Literature33536%66%78%58%850 of 3,202
Mathematics33525%56%72%53%1,219 of 3,211
Combined Science28319%49%68%36%609 of 3,084
Geography19933%67%79%51%547 of 3,116
Spanish18717%53%77%54%1,051 of 1,941
Computer Science9933%71%88%56%488 of 1,861
Economics8629%78%84%70%44 of 142
Business8520%69%84%51%299 of 1,806
Art and Design856%41%59%58%2,194 of 2,818
History8342%69%77%52%539 of 3,126
Social Studies7833%71%83%54%200 of 1,043
French6123%56%64%60%1,215 of 1,974
Design & Technology574%37%40%50%1,003 of 1,478
Chemistry5281%100%100%81%127 of 2,537
Physics5271%100%100%82%184 of 2,546
Biology5271%98%100%82%447 of 2,570
Food Preparation & Nutrition390%3%18%52%1,089 of 1,098
Physical Education3735%78%95%56%285 of 1,559
Drama2060%95%100%60%62 of 844
Music1164%100%100%61%
Other Modern Languages70%0%0%49%

In combined science each pupil gets two grades and we count the lower one. Rankings only include state secondaries where 20 or more pupils sat the subject.

Year 6 results (SATs), summer 2025

90 children took the tests. Here is how they did against every state primary in England.

Reached the expected level at 1183%
England 63%
Official name: Expected standard in reading, writing and maths
Working above the expected level7%
England 8%
Official name: Higher standard in reading, writing and maths
Reading score108.0
England 105.6
Official name: Reading average scaled score
Maths score108.0
England 104.6
Official name: Maths average scaled score
Trend
Reached the expected level at 11
2019 to 2025
2019: 80%80%20192023: 69%69%20232024: 70%70%20242025: 83%83%2025
Since 2019: +3%Steady overall
All Year 6 measures, year by year
Measure2025202420232019Barking and DagenhamEngland
Pupils tested90898430
Reached the expected level at 11Expected standard in reading, writing and maths83%70%69%80%69%63%
Working above the expected levelHigher standard in reading, writing and maths7%2%10%3%9%8%
Reading scoreReading average scaled score108.0107.0106.0105.0106.5105.6
Maths scoreMaths average scaled score108.0108.0107.0108.0106.3104.6
Grammar and spelling scoreGPS average scaled score109.0109.0108.0109.0107.5105.2
Expected level: readingReading expected standard92%89%81%90%
Expected level: mathsMaths expected standard91%92%92%97%
Expected level: writingWriting expected standard (teacher assessed)86%73%75%83%
Reading progressReading progress score+1.4+2.3
Maths progressMaths progress score+2.7+3.5
Expected level: low-income pupilsExpected standard, disadvantaged71%32%58%83%
Expected level: other pupilsExpected standard, non-disadvantaged89%80%73%78%

There are no progress figures for 2025. That year group missed their Year 2 tests during Covid, so there was no starting point to measure from. Progress figures come back with the December 2026 results. Tests were cancelled altogether in 2020 and 2021.

A level and sixth-form results, 2025

133 students finished sixth-form courses.

Average A level gradeB-37.3 points per entry
A level progress+0.10Against students elsewhere with the same GCSE grades. 0 is average.
AAB or better15%with two subjects universities favour
Stayed and finished99%of students who started
All sixth-form measures, year by year
Measure202520242023202220192018
Students1339497103199175
Average A level points per entryA level APS per entry37.2937.7138.2837.4733.8232.64
Average A level gradeB-B-B-B-C+C+
Best three A levelsBest 3 A levels APS37.2737.7838.2137.6533.8733.13
AAB or better in subjects universities likeAAB+ in two facilitating subjects15%12%9%9%8%5%
A level progressA level value added+0.10+0.03-0.08+0.01
Stayed and finishedRetained and assessed99%90%97%99%81%81%

A level subjects

15 A level subjects had results in 2025. Each figure is the share of students who got an A* to B, next to the average for state sixth forms in England. When only a handful of students take a subject, its figures jump around from year to year.

Strongest A levels

Sociology84%A* to B, England 49% · 32 entries
History81%A* to B, England 55% · 16 entries
English Literature75%A* to B, England 52% · 36 entries
Biology65%A* to B, England 49% · 26 entries
A levels taught hereThe small number is how many students sat each one in 2025.
SubjectsMathematics54Psychology48Chemistry40Economics38English Literature36Sociology32Biology26Business Studies19Physics19Government and Politics18History16Computer Science16Geography14Media / Film / TV Studies8Mathematics (Further)7
Every A level subject against England, 2025
Mathematics54 entries · 37% A* or A · 98% passed
56%England 60%
Psychology48 entries · 10% A* or A · 100% passed
50%England 46%
Chemistry40 entries · 28% A* or A · 100% passed
58%England 53%
Economics38 entries · 26% A* or A · 100% passed
71%England 57%
English Literature36 entries · 25% A* or A · 100% passed
75%England 52%
Sociology32 entries · 44% A* or A · 100% passed
84%England 49%
Biology26 entries · 15% A* or A · 100% passed
65%England 49%
Business Studies19 entries · 16% A* or A · 95% passed
47%England 47%
Physics19 entries · 26% A* or A · 100% passed
47%England 51%
Government and Politics18 entries · 39% A* or A · 100% passed
56%England 55%
History16 entries · 13% A* or A · 100% passed
81%England 55%
Computer Science16 entries · 6% A* or A · 100% passed
56%England 46%
Geography14 entries · 36% A* or A · 100% passed
57%England 51%
Media / Film / TV Studies8 entries · 0% A* or A · 100% passed
38%England 46%
Mathematics (Further)7 entries · 57% A* or A · 100% passed
71%England 76%

A levels only. BTECs, T levels and other courses are in the table above. Subjects with fewer than five students aren't published.

Does every child do well here?

A good school does well by every child, not just on average. Each row compares two groups of pupils here. The grey marks show the same two groups across England. 6 of the 7 gaps are smaller than the gap across England. When a group has fewer than about ten pupils, its figures jump around a lot from year to year.

At GCSE, 2025

Average GCSE scoreLow-income pupils vs other pupils
44.353.9
Gap 9.6England 12.2
Strong pass in English and mathsLow-income pupils vs other pupils
37%59%
Gap 22 ptsEngland 22 pts
Average GCSE scoreBoys vs girls
49.852.6
Gap 2.8England 3.0

At the end of primary school, 2025

Reached the expected level at 11Low-income pupils vs other pupils
71%89%
Gap 18 ptsEngland 21 pts
Reached the expected level at 11Boys vs girls
77%89%
Gap 12 ptsEngland 5 pts
Reached the expected level at 11Pupils learning English vs all pupils
85%83%
Gap 2 ptsEngland 4 pts
Reached the higher level at 11Low-income pupils vs all pupils
7%7%
No gapEngland 5 pts
First groupSecond groupEngland, each group

Low-income means the child has had free school meals at some point in the last six years. A group's figure isn't published when it has fewer than six pupils.

Getting a place

Open to all. There is no entrance test.

Nearly full2,633 pupils for 2,650 places, 2024/25
99% full

Fewer than one place in twenty is empty, so in most years more families apply than there are places. Living close by, or already having a child here, makes a real difference. Pupil numbers have stayed about the same since 2021/22.

Each council publishes its own figures on how many families applied and how far away the last child to get a place lived. We are adding councils one at a time. If you have a link to Barking and Dagenham council's admissions booklet, send it to us.

Who goes here

Who a school teaches matters. That is why our score compares it with schools that take in a similar mix of children, not with every school in the country.

Pupils on roll2,568Census January 2026
Places2,67096% full
Pupils from low-income families26%27% have had free school meals at some point in the last six years
Pupils learning English33%First language is not English
Pupils getting extra support11%282 pupils with SEN support
Pupils with an EHC plan3%70 pupils with a plan
Average class size23.1107 classes, January 2026; England 22.8
Classes with more than 30 pupils16%share of one-teacher classes; England 12%
Pupils with extra funding (pupil premium)30%£833,000 extra funding in 2026/27; England 30%
Boys and girls1,245 / 1,323
White British pupils22%

Specialist SEND provision. Resourced provision (extra staff and funding within a mainstream school) with 8 pupils, for autism.

To get a place in the unit or resourced provision, a child normally needs an education, health and care plan (EHCP) that names the school. Other schools in Barking and Dagenham with autism provision.

Infant classes (Reception to Year 2) average 25.0 pupils (England 26.2); junior classes (Years 3 to 6) average 28.7 (England 28.2).

The most common needs among pupils getting extra support: language and communications needs (104), Autistic spectrum disorder (83), emotional and mental health (58), Other difficulty or disability (53), Moderate learning difficulty (19), SEN support but no specialist assessment of type of need (14).

How the mix of pupils has changed
Census202620252024202320222021
Pupils on roll2,5682,6402,5932,5572,5812,496
Pupils from low-income familiesFree school meals26%26%25%25%24%21%
Pupils learning EnglishEnglish as an additional language33%33%33%34%33%33%
Pupils getting extra supportSEN support11%9%11%9%8%
Pupils with an EHC planEducation, health and care plans3%2%2%2%1%

Attendance and behaviour

In 2024/25 pupils were in school 94.6% of the time. Across similar schools in England it was 91.4%.

Attendance94.6%
England 91.4%
Official name: 100 minus overall absence
Pupils missing a lot of school11.6%
England 23.9%
Official name: Persistent absence
Suspensions per 100 pupils1.52024/25, no permanent exclusions
Missed without permission2.3%of school time, 2024/25
Attendance year by year
Measure2024/252023/242022/232021/222020/212018/19England
Sessions missedOverall absence5.4%5.0%5.3%5.6%3.3%4.1%8.6%
Missed with permissionAuthorised absence3.1%3.1%3.2%3.9%2.5%2.8%
Missed without permissionUnauthorised absence2.3%1.9%2.1%1.7%0.7%1.3%
Pupils missing a lot of schoolPersistent absence11.6%12.0%12.8%14.7%6.8%9.0%23.9%
SuspensionsSuspension rate1.50.91.10.80.4
Permanent exclusionsPermanent exclusions00000

What pupils do next

After GCSEs

Where the 338 pupils who left in 2022/23 were a year later.

Still in education, work or training94%and stayed there for at least six months

Among pupils from low-income families it was 89%, compared with 96% for everyone else.

Earlier years
Destination2022/23 leavers2021/22 leavers2020/21 leavers2019/20 leavers
Still in education, work or training94%94%95%93%
Education92%92%93%92%
Apprenticeship1%1%2%1%
Work1%1%1%1%
Not in education, work or training5%5%3%6%

After sixth form

Where the 94 pupils who left in 2022/23 were a year later.

Still in education, work or training93%and stayed there for at least six months

Where the ones heading for university went

Went on to degree-level study or training89%England 72%
Top-third universities30%England 22%. The universities that ask for the highest grades
Higher or degree apprenticeship4%England 6%
Higher technical course0%Level 4 or 5, such as an HNC or HND

Among students from low-income families, 81% went on to degree-level study or training.

Earlier years
Destination2022/23 leavers2021/22 leavers2020/21 leavers2019/20 leavers
Still in education, work or training93%93%89%
Education77%83%79%
Apprenticeship4%2%2%4%
Work12%8%8%
Not in education, work or training4%6%7%

Staff and money

From the government's count of school staff in November 2025 and the school's published accounts.

Teachers154.7full-time equivalent, 157 people
Pupils per teacher16.6Pupils for every full-time teacher
Fully qualified teachers98%hold qualified teacher status
Teaching assistants45.6full-time equivalent
Average teacher pay£58,424
Teachers who left in the year13%2024/25, for any reason including retirement
Vacancies0
Sick days per teacher1.52024/25

Money

From the academy accounts return, year to August 2025. The per-pupil figures are compared with other secondary schools in England that report their accounts the same way.

Spend per pupil£8,351England £7,965. Total £22m
Income per pupil£9,013England £8,423. Total £24m
Spent on teachers per pupil£5,834England £4,444
Money in reserve15%A healthy amount put by: £3.5m, £1,333 per pupil. England 10%
Money in against money out+£1.7mit took in more than it spent this year
Where the money goes£8,351spent per pupil

Reserves are the money left over at the end of the year, kept back for emergencies and big projects. Being in the red year after year is a warning sign. Very large reserves can mean money sitting in the bank instead of being spent on today's pupils. Academy figures are rounded to the nearest £1,000 and include a share of any money the trust holds centrally.

The area around the school

Crimes within 500 m38812 months to June 2026, mostly violence and sexual offences
Local crime rate73 per 1,000 people20% lower than the England average
Typical house price£375,000Barking and Dagenham
Nearest bus stop80 mThe Sydney Russell School, 16 stops within 500 m

Crime figures come from police.uk. The police record each crime at the nearest of a fixed set of map points rather than the exact spot, so “within 500 m” is only rough. House prices are from HM Land Registry sales nearby over the last two years.

Nearby schools

The closest secondary schools, nearest first. Hover over a row to see it on the map.

Well aboveAboveIn lineBelowWell belowNot scored
SchoolTypeDistancePupilsOfstedScore
Southwood Primary SchoolCouncil340 m593Good 202319Compare
The St Teresa Catholic Primary SchoolAcademy570 m230No overall grade 202489Compare
St Joseph's Catholic Primary SchoolAcademy880 m277Good 202356Compare
Parsloes Primary SchoolCouncil990 m412Good 202370Compare
Valence Primary SchoolCouncil0.6 miles848Good 202435Compare
Roding Primary SchoolCouncil0.7 miles892Good 202334Compare
Five Elms Primary SchoolCouncil0.7 miles460Good 202264Compare
Trinity SchoolCouncil0.8 miles312Outstanding 2023Compare

Compared with schools like it

Our score compares The Sydney Russell School with the 50 schools in England whose pupils are most like its own. We match on family income, how many children are learning English, special needs, the neighbourhood, the size of the school and how it admits pupils. Those 50 schools are dotted all over the country, so we don't list them. What matters is where this school sits among them.

Beats96%of schools with a similar mix of pupils
Near the very top of its group. Its score of 86 is 30 points above the typical school in the group.
0Lowest of the group 10 · middle 56 · highest 94100

No school with a similar mix of pupils within 25 km scores clearly higher.

How the score was worked out

The score is out of 100. A 86 means that once everything below is added up, this school comes out ahead of 86% of secondary schools in England. Results bounce around from year to year, especially in small schools, so we also show a likely range: 83 to 90. Every part is judged against schools with a similar mix of pupils. For small schools we pull each part towards the group average, so one unusual year can't swing the score too far.

What we looked atHow much it countsAgainst schools like itEffect on the scoreBased on
Results over three years20%above
+0.09
2025, 2024 and 2023 results; 341 pupils
Ofsted inspection20%above
+0.18
Ofsted report card, 0.3 years old
Progress pupils make20%well above
+0.26
DfE progress measure; 341 pupils
Direction of travel over five years10%in line
+0.02
results and attendance falling year on year
Attendance and behaviour10%well above
+0.13
2024/25; 2,368 pupils
Results, allowing for the mix of pupils10%above
+0.08
Attainment relative to schools with a similar intake; 341 pupils
What pupils do next5%above
+0.02
338 pupils
What parents say0%no data

Worked out on 13 September 2026 (method v1). Read how the score works, including every weight and the checks we run. Think a number is wrong? Tell us.

Questions parents ask

Is The Sydney Russell School a good school?

Yes, going by the figures. The Sydney Russell School scores 86 out of 100. That is well above schools that take in a similar mix of pupils, and ahead of 96% of the 50 schools most like it in England. The score could fairly be anywhere from 83 to 90, so a few points either way between schools doesn't mean much.

What is The Sydney Russell School's Ofsted rating?

Ofsted no longer gives schools one overall grade. When it visited on 12 May 2026 it rated teaching as strong, achievement as strong, behaviour and attendance as strong, leadership as strong.

How good are The Sydney Russell School's GCSE results?

In summer 2025, 53% of pupils got a grade 5 or better in both English and maths. Across England it was 46%. Its Attainment 8 score, which is the average grade across a pupil's best eight subjects times ten, was 51.2, against 46.8 for England. In each subject, pupils here finished most of a grade ahead of children across England who started secondary school at the same level.

How good are The Sydney Russell School's SATs results?

In summer 2025, 83% of Year 6 children reached the expected level in reading, writing and maths. Across England it was 63%. 7% went further and reached the higher level.

How many pupils does The Sydney Russell School have?

2,568 pupils aged 4 to 18 were on the roll in January 2026. It has 2,670 places, so it is 96% full.

Is The Sydney Russell School oversubscribed?

Often. Fewer than one place in twenty was empty in 2024/25, so popular year groups fill up.

What is attendance like at The Sydney Russell School?

Pupils were in school 94.6% of the time in 2024/25. Similar schools in England managed 91.4%. 12% of pupils missed at least a tenth of the year.

How big are the classes at The Sydney Russell School?

The average class had 23.1 pupils in January 2026. Across England it was 22.8. 16% of classes had more than 30 pupils.

Does The Sydney Russell School have specialist SEND provision?

Yes. It has resourced provision (extra staff and funding within a mainstream school) for autism. To get a place there, a child normally needs an education, health and care plan (EHCP) that names the school.

Does The Sydney Russell School have a breakfast club?

Yes. It is on the government's free breakfast club programme, so every pupil can have a free half-hour breakfast club before school.

Does The Sydney Russell School have a sixth form?

Yes. The average A level grade in 2025 was B-. 15 A level subjects had results in 2025; the full list is in the results section.

These answers come straight from the figures on this page and update when new data comes out.

Contact and details

Address
Parsloes Avenue, Dagenham, RM9 5QT
Telephone
020 3959 9900
Website
sydneyrussellschool.com
Headteacher
Mrs Clare Cross
Free breakfast club
Yes: on the government's programme, so every pupil can have a free half-hour breakfast club before school (listed since September 2026).
Type of school
Converter academy (Academy converter, academies)
Phase
All-through school, ages 4-18, with sixth form
Gender
Mixed
Multi-academy trust
Partnership Learning (20 schools)
Local authority
Barking and Dagenham
Ward
Parsloes
Constituency
Barking
Setting
Urban: Nearer to a major town or city
Opened
1 February 2015 (academy converter)
URN
141683 · LAESTAB 3014028 · UKPRN 10048673
Formerly
The Sydney Russell School

Recent changes

  • New KS4 results for 2024/25

Where these figures come from